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Bài giảng Tin học cơ sở - Chương 8: Operating Systems and Utility Programs

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  1. Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs
  2. Chapter 8 Objectives Nhận dạng: Loại Phần mềm Hệ thống Tóm tắt: công cụ của OS độc lập Tóm tắt: Tiến trình Khởi động trên PC Nhận dạng: OS mạng Mô tả: Chức năng của Hệ điều hành (Operating system) Nhận dạng: thiết bị dùng cho các OS nhúng Thảo luận: Cách Hệ điều hành giúp Quản trị viên kiểm soát mạng và Bảo mật Giải thích: mục đích của các chương trình tiện ích độc lập Giải thích: Mục đích của các tiện ích trong các OS Next
  3. System Software What is system software? Chương trình Hai loại: duy trì hoạt động operating systems của máy tính and utility programs Operating system (OS) (còn gọi cộng tác nền tất cả các hoạt động giữa các tài nguyên phần cứng của máy tính p. 398 Next
  4. Operating Systems Chức năng của operating system? start the computer provide a user interface manage programs administer security manage memory control a network provide file monitor establish an schedule jobs and management and performance Internet connection configure devices other utilities p. 398 - 399 Fig. 8-1 Next
  5. Operating Systems Ứng dụng lẫn nền (cross-platform)?  Chạy như nhau trên nhiều OS . Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform Application Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/ Platform A Platform B Platform C Platform D p. 399 Next
  6. Operating System Functions Quá trình khởi động (booting)?  Process of starting or restarting a computer . Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off . Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on p. 400 Fig. 8-2 Next
  7. Operating System Functions How does a personal computer boot up? Step 1. Power supply Step 4. Results of POST are sends signal to com- compared with data in CMOS chip ponents in system unit Step 5. BIOS looks for system files Step 2. Processor in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD accesses BIOS to start drive, and then hard disk computer Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating Step 3. BIOS runs tests, system loads into RAM called the POST, to check components such Step 7. Operating system loads as mouse, keyboard, configuration information and and adapter cards displays desktop on screen Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click BIOS below Chapter 8 p. 400 - 401 Fig. 8-3 Next
  8. Operating System Functions Đĩa khôi phục (recovery disk)?  Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot . Also called boot disk Step 1. Click Start button on taskbar, Step 2. Click Backup on Systems Tools Step 3. Click Automated point to All Programs on Start menu, submenu to open the Backup Utility System Recovery Wizard point to Accessories on All Programs window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard button to create recovery disk. submenu, point to Systems Tools on displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point Follow the on-screen Accessories submenu, and then point to Automated System Recovery Wizard instructions and insert a to Backup. button. diskette when prompted. p. 402 Next
  9. Operating System Functions What is a user interface?  Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen command-line interface menu-driven interface p. 402 Fig. 8-4 Next
  10. Operating System Functions What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?  User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons p. 402 Fig. 8-4 Next
  11. Operating System Functions What is single user/ multitasking?  Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time . Foreground contains program you are using . Background contains programs that are running but are not in use p. 403 - 404 Fig. 8-5 Next
  12. Operating System Functions What are other program management features of operating systems? Enables two or multiprocessing more users to run programs simultaneously Can support two or more processors running programs multiuser at same time Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, fault-tolerant computer and disk drives Continues to operate when one of its components p. 405 fails Next
  13. Operating System Functions What is memory management?  Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)  With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM Step 1. The operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is Step 2. The needed for other operating system functions. transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed. p. 405 - 406 Fig. 8-7 Next
  14. Operating System Functions How does an operating system schedule jobs? Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority Sending Receiving data information from input device to output device A job is operation Transferring items the processor manages Processing between storage instructions and memory p. 406 - 407 Next
  15. Operating System Functions What is spooling?  Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer  Print jobs line up in queue p. 407 Fig. 8-8 Next
  16. Operating System Functions What is a device driver? Program that With Plug and Play, tells operating system Device operating system how to communicate automatically configures with device Driver new devices as you Also called driver install them Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Plug and Play below Chapter 8 p. 407 Next
  17. Operating System Functions How do you install a device driver? Step 3. Click Add a Step 4. Add Printer printer link. Follow Wizard searches for Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click Printers and on-screen instructions. Plug and Play printers Panel window. Point to Other Hardware link. Point on your computer. If it Printers and Other to Add a printer link. finds any such printers, Hardware link. it installs them. Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer. p. 408 Fig. 8-9 Next
  18. Operating System Functions How do you establish an Internet connection?  Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard . Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet p. 409 Fig. 8-10 Next
  19. Operating System Functions How does an operating system monitor performance?  Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices p. 409 Fig. 8-11 Next
  20. Operating System Functions What is a network operating system?  Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network  Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user p. 410 Fig. 8-12 Next
  21. Operating System Utility Programs What is a utility program?  System software that performs maintenance-type tasks . Also called utility p. 411 Fig. 8-13 Next
  22. Operating System Utility Programs What is a file manager?  Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files  Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it p. 412 Figs. 8-14–8-15 Next
  23. Operating System Utility Programs What is a personal firewall?  Detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions  The latest update to Windows XP automatically enables the built- in personal firewall upon installation Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Firewalls below Chapter 8 p. 413 Figs. 8-16 Next
  24. Operating System Utility Programs What is an uninstaller? Removes a In Windows XP, program and uninstaller is in Add/Remove all associated files Programs in Control Panel p. 413 Next
  25. Operating System Utility Programs What is a disk scanner?  Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk  Searches for and removes unnecessary files p. 414 Fig. 8-17 Next
  26. Operating System Utility Programs What is a disk defragmenter?  Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster fragmented disk file before defragmenting file after defragmenting p. 414 Fig. 8-18 Next
  27. Operating System Utility Programs Tiện ích chẩn đoán (diagostic utility)?  Compiles technical information about hardware and some software  Prepares report outlining problems p. 414 Fig. 8-19 Next
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  29. Operating System Utility Programs What is a backup utility?  Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape  Most compress files during backup to require less storage space p. 415 Fig. 8-20 Next
  30. Operating System Utility Programs What is a screen saver?  Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time  To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Screen Savers below Chapter 8 p. 415 Fig. 8-21 Next
  31. Types of Operating Systems What are some characteristics of operating systems? Device- Proprietary Device- dependent software independent Privately owned and Runs only on specific limited to specific vendor Runs on many type of computer or computer model manufacturers’ computers Downward compatible Upward Works with application compatible software written for Runs on new versions of earlier version of operating system operating system p. 415 - 416 Next
  32. Types of Operating Systems What are three categories of operating systems? Embedded Network Stand-alone p. 416 Next
  33. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Developed in early 1980s for personal D Used command-line computers O interface when first developed, later Hardly used today S included menus because it does not offer GUI p. 417 Next
  34. Stand-Alone Operating Systems How do Windows versions compare? Windows Version Year Released Windows 3.x 1990 Windows NT 3.1 1993 Windows 95 1995 Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996 Windows 98 1998 Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional 2000 Windows XP 2001 Windows XP SP2 2004 p. 417 Fig. 8-23 Next
  35. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Windows XP?  Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system  Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows XP below Chapter 8 p. 417 Fig. 8-24 Next
  36. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What are some features of Windows XP? Windows XP Features Appearance and Performance Administration Help and Support Communications and the Web Digital Media p. 418 Next
  37. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Mac OS X?  Available only for computers manufactured by Apple  Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Mac OS X below Chapter 8 p. 420 Fig. 8-27 Next
  38. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is UNIX?  Used by power users because of its flexibility and power  Most versions offer GUI  Both a stand-alone and a network operating system Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click UNIX below Chapter 8 p. 420 Fig. 8-28 Next
  39. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Linux?  Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system  Open-source softwaree— code is available to public  Both a stand-alone and a network operating system Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. p. 421 Fig. 8-29 Next
  40. Network Operating Systems What are examples of network operating systems? NetWare Designed for client/server networks Windows UNIX / Linux Server 2003 Multi-purpose Upgrade to Windows operating system 2000 Server Solaris . Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click . Specifically for Web Link from left navigation, then click e-commerce NetWare below Chapter 8 applications p. 423 Next
  41. Embedded Operating Systems What is an embedded operating system?  Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices  Windows CE is scaled-down version of Windows p. 416 Fig. 8-30 Next
  42. Embedded Operating Systems What are two operating systems for PDAs?  Windows Mobile for Pocket PC  Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows Mobile below Chapter 8 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Palm OS below Chapter 8 p. 423 - 424 Figs. 8-31–8-32 Next
  43. Embedded Operating Systems What is Symbian OS?  Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones  Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more p. 425 Fig. 8-34 Next
  44. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a virus?  Potentially damaging computer program  Affects computer without user’s knowledge SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION p. 425 Fig. 8-35 Next
  45. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is an antivirus program?  Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files  Must be updated frequently p. 426 Fig. 8-36 Next
  46. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is spyware?  Program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user  Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing a new program  A spyware remover is a program that detects and deletes spyware Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Spyware Removers below Chapter 8 p. 426 Next
  47. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What are internet filters?  Programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed Anti-Spam Web Programs Filters Pop-up Blockers p. 426 - 427 Next
  48. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a file compression utility?  Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance  Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files  Two popular utilities: PKZIP and WinZip p. 427 Fig. 8-37 Next
  49. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is CD/DVD burning software?  Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to a recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD p. 428 Fig. 8-38 Next
  50. Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a personal computer maintenance utility?  Identifies and fixes operating system problems and disk problems  Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur p. 428 Fig. 8-39 Next
  51. Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs Define an operating system Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating systems Discuss the functions common to most operating systems Describe several stand-alone utility programs Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems Chapter 8 Complete